M4 carbine

Karabin M4, atau M4 Carbine, adalah versi pendek dan ringan dari senapan serbu M16. Karabin M4 memiliki 80% bagian yang sama dengan M16A2. M4 memiki pilihan tembakan semi-otomatis dan burst tiga butir (sama dengan M16A2), sedangkan M4A1 memiliki pilihan semi-otomatis dan otomatis. M4A1 juga terkadang dilengkapi laras yang lebih berat, untuk menahan panas yang dihasilkan dari menembak otomatis untuk waktu yang lama.

M4 Carbine
M4A1 dengan bidikan ACOG dan pegangan depan vertikal.
Tipe	Senapan serbu
Negara asal	Amerika Serikat
Sejarah pemakaian
Digunakan	1994—
Pemakai	NATO, Malaysia, Israel, Indonesia, Filipina, Australia dan banyak sekali lainnya
Sejarah produksi
Diproduksi	1994—
Varian	M4A1, CQBR
Spesifikasi
Berat	2,52 kg kosong; 3,0 kg dengan isi 30-butir peluru
Panjang	757 mm (29,8 in) popor masuk; 838 mm (33 in) popor keluar
Panjang laras	368,3 mm (14,5 in)
Peluru	5.56 x 45 mm NATO
Kaliber	5.56 mm (.223 in)
Mekanisme	operasi gas, bolt berputar
Kec. tembak	700–950 butir/menit
Kec. peluru	905 m/s (2.970 ft/s)
Jarak efektif	300 m
Jarak maksimum	800 m
Pengisian	Magazen box 50 atau 150-butir [Magazen] ganda 250 atau 750-butir

Garis besar

Foto yang membedakan M4 dengan M16 (belakang).

M4 dan M4A1 menggunakan peluru kaliber 5.56 x 45 mm NATO. Keduanya adalah senapan selective-fire, yang menggunakan sistem gas, air-cooled, memakai magazen box, dan mempunyai popor teleskopik. Popor ini bisa ditukar dengan popor biasa, tapi itu jarang dilakukan pada militer Amerika Serikat.

Seperti karabin pada umumnya, M4 lebih nyaman ditenteng daripada senapan laras panjang. Selain ideal untuk digunakan oleh tentara non-infanteri (seperti pengemudi kendaraan, ajudan, dan perwira staf), ini juga membuat M4 cocok untuk pertempuran jarak dekat dan operasi pasukan khusus. M4 sempat menjadi standar untuk United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) dan menjadi pilihan Pasukan Khusus Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat. Pada tahun 2006 Malaysia juga membeli Karabin M4 untuk menggantikan senapan Steyr AUG.

Karabin M4 dikembangkan dan diproduksi untuk Pemerintah Amerika Serikat oleh perusahaan senjata Colt, yang mempunyai kontrak untuk memproduksi keluarga karabin M4 sampai tahun 2009. Tetapi selain Colt, sejumlah produsen senjata lain juga menawarkan senapan yang serupa dengan M4. M4 dan M16A4 sudah menggantikan M16 dan M16A2 pada angkatan bersenjata Amerika Serikat. M4 juga menggantikan submachine gun M3A1 yang biasa dipakai pengendara tank. M4 hampir serupa dengan versi kompak M16 sebelumnya, yaitu XM177, bedanya adalah M4 tidak menggunakan peluru M193/6 ball.

Sejarah dan varian

Selain pada pengiriman pertama, semua M4 dan M4A1 baru yang ada pada militer Amerika Serikat sudah memakai receiver atas yang datar (flat-top) yang dilengkapi railing standar M1913 atau Picatinny rail, yang digunakan untuk memasang berbagai macam alat bidik. Nomor model yang digunakan oleh militer Amerika Serikat adalah Colt Model 920 (M4) dan 921 (M4A1).

M4 MWS (Modular Weapon System)

M4 MWS adalah karabin Colt Model 923 yang dipasang Sistem Railing Aksesori (RAS - Rail Accesory System) buatan perusahaan senjata Knight's Armament Corporation. Senapan ini sebelumnya diberi nama M4E2, tapi penamaan ini dibatalkan, dan M4 yang dipasang sistem ini diberi nama M4 MWS atau Modular Weapon System.

M4A1

Karabin M4A1 adalah modifikasi dari karabin M4, yang dibuat untuk dipakai oleh pasukan khusus. M4A1 banyak dipakai pada pasukan khusus AS, seperti Delta Force, Navy SEALS, dan Force Reconnaissance. Senapan ini menjadi pilihan pasukan khusus dan pasukan anti-teroris, karena ukurannya dan kemampuannya menembak full-otomatis. Fitur-fitur ini sangat berguna untuk pertempuran dalam perkotaan. Walaupun M4A1 tidak memiliki jangkauan tembak sejauh senapan M16, banyak pengamat militer yang berpendapat bahwa menembak target diatas 300 meter tanpa senapan khusus itu tidak perlu. M4A1 sangat efektif pada jarak 150 meter.

SOPMOD Blok I

Skema SOPMOD Blok I.

USSOCOM mengembangkan perangkat Modifikasi Khusus Operasi Khusus (SOPMOD - Special Operations Peculiar Modification) Blok I untuk digunakan pasukan yang ada dibawah kepemimpinannya. Perangkat ini meliputi, antara lain, karabin M4A1, Sistem Railing Antar-muka (RIS - Rail Interface System) buatan Knight's Armament Company (KAC), pelontar granat M203 beserta bidikannya, peredam suara buatan KAC, bidikan cadangan buatan KAC, penunjuk laser/infra-merah AN/PEQ-2A buatan Insight Technologies, bidikan optik ACOG dan Reflex buatan Trijicon, serta sebuah bidikan night vision.

SOPMOD Blok II

Generasi ke-2 SOPMOD sedang direncanakan, dengan banyak perusahaan yang bersaing untuk mendapakan kontraknya. Beberapa perusahaan ternama, beserta rancangan mereka misalnya, Knight's Armament Company dengan URX II, ARMS dengan sistem Selective Integrated Rail (SIR), serta Lewis Machine & Tool dengan Monolithic Rail Platform (MRP).

Varian-varian lain

Diemaco C8, buatan Kanada.

Varian lain karabin M4 juga dibuat oleh produsen lain, dan dipakai oleh pasukan khusus negara selain Amerika Serikat, antara lain Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) Australia, Pasukan Gerakan Khas Polis Diraja Malaysia, dan Detasemen 88 Anti-teror Polri. Selain itu, SAS Inggris menggunakan juga M4 buatan Diemaco yang diberi nama C8. Walau akhirnya Diemaco dibeli oleh Colt, dan diberi nama Colt Canada, nama-nama senapan versi Diemaco tidak diubah.

Desert Eagle

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Desert Eagle
Mark XIX Desert Eagle in .50 Action Express
Type
Semi-automatic pistol
Place of origin
United States Israel
Production history
Designer
Magnum Research; Israel Weapon Industries (final refinements)
Designed
1979–1982
Manufacturer
Magnum Research and Israel Weapon Industries
(2005–current) Israel Military Industries
(2000–2005)
(1982–1996) Saco Defense
(1996–2000)
Produced
1982
Variants
Mark IMark VIIMark XIX
Specifications
Weight
Mark VII
1,766 g (3.9 lb) (.357 MAGNUM)
1,897 g (4.2 lb) (.44 MAGNUM) Mark XIX
1,998.6 g (4.4 lb)
Length
Mark VII
10.6 in (269.2 mm) (6in barrel) Mark XIX
10.75 in (273.1 mm) (6in barrel)
14.75 in (374.7 mm) (10in barrel)
Barrel length
6 in (152.4 mm)10 in (254.0 mm)
Cartridge
.357 Magnum.41 Magnum.44 Magnum.440 Cor-bon.50 Action Express
Action
Gas-operated
Effective range
200 meters (.50 AE)
Feed system
Magazine:
9 round (.357)
8 round (.41 and .44)
7 round (.440 Cor-bon and .50AE)
The Desert Eagle is a large-framed gas-operated semi-automatic pistol designed by Magnum Research in the U.S., and manufactured primarily in Israel by IMI (Israel Military Industries, now Israel Weapon Industries). Manufacturing was moved to Saco Defense in the state of Maine from 1996 to 2000 which carried the XIX designation, but shifted back to Israel when Saco was acquired by General Dynamics.
Magnum Research has marketed various versions of the short recoil Jericho 941 pistol under the Baby Eagle name; these have no functional relationship to the Desert Eagle and bear only a moderate cosmetic resemblance.
Design details

Drawings from patent 4,619,184 showing the Desert Eagle's gas operated mechanism
The Desert Eagle was originally designed by Bernard C. White of Magnum Research, who filed a patent on a mechanism for a gas-actuated pistol in January 1983.This established the basic layout of the Desert Eagle. The Desert Eagle was originally designed as a revolver, but was later reshaped into a semi-automatic pistol. A second patent was filed in December 1985, after the basic design had been refined by IMI for production, and this is the form that went into production.The Desert Eagle uses a gas-operated mechanism normally found in rifles, as opposed to the short recoil or blow-back designs most commonly seen in semi-automatic pistols. Unlike most pistols, the barrel does not move during firing. When a round is fired, gases are ported out through a small hole in the barrel near the breech. These travel forward through a small tube under the barrel, to a cylinder near the front of the barrel. The separate bolt carrier/slide has a small piston on the front that fits into this cylinder; when the gases reach the cylinder they push the piston rearward. The bolt carrier rides rearward on two rails on either side of the barrel, operating the mechanism. Its rotating bolt strongly resembles that of the M16 series of rifles, while the fixed gas cylinder/moving piston resemble those of the Ruger Mini-14 carbine (the original patent used a captive piston similar to the M14 rifle).
An early Desert Eagle chambered in .357 Magnum with a compact disc for scale
The advantage of the gas-operation is that it allows the use of far more powerful cartridges than traditional semi-automatic pistol designs, and it allows the Desert Eagle to compete in an area that had previously been dominated by magnum revolvers. Downsides of the gas operated mechanism are the large size of the Desert Eagle, and the fact that it discourages the use of unjacketed lead bullets, as lead particles sheared off during firing could clog the gas release tap, preventing proper function.
Switching a Desert Eagle to another chambering requires only that the correct barrel, bolt assembly, and magazine be installed. Thus, a conversion to fire the other cartridges can be quickly accomplished. The most popular barrel length is 6 in (152 mm), although 8, 10 and 14 in (202, 254 and 356 mm) barrels are available. The Mark XIX barrels are machined with integral scope mounting bases, making adding a pistol scope a simple operation. The rim diameter of the .50 AE is the same as the .44 Remington Magnum cartridge for which the pistol was originally chambered, consequently only a barrel and magazine change is required to convert a .44 Desert Eagle to the larger, more powerful .50 AE.
The Desert Eagle is fed with a detachable magazine. Magazine capacity is 9 rounds in .357 Magnum, 8 rounds in .44 Magnum, and 7 rounds in .50 AE. The Desert Eagle's barrel features polygonal rifling. The pistol is mainly used for hunting, target shooting, and silhouette shooting
Variants
There have been three variants to the Desert Eagle.
Mark I and VII

Desert Eagle with a 10 inch (254mm) barrel
The Mark I, no longer produced, was offered with a steel, stainless steel or aluminum alloy frame and differs primarily in the size and shape of the safety levers and slide catch. The Mark VII includes an adjustable trigger (retrofittable to Mark I pistols). The Mark I and VII are both available in .357 Magnum and .44 Magnum; the Mark VII has been chambered for .41 Magnum. The barrels had a 3/8" dovetail, to which an accessory mount could be attached. Later Mark VII models were offered in .50 Action Express with a 7/8" Weaver-pattern rail on the barrel; the .50 Mark VII would later become the Mark XIX platform. Barrel lengths were 6, 8, 10 and 14 inches.
Mark XIX
The most recent model, the Mark XIX, is available in .357 Magnum, .44 Magnum, and .50 Action Express (or .50 AE). This model comes in a variety of different finishes, such as brushed chrome or titanium gold. Magnum Research offered this model in .440 Cor-bon caliber, a .50 AE derived case. Mark XIX barrels are available in 6 and 10 inch lengths only.The DE44CA is the only XIX that is approved for dealer sales to the public in the State of California; it differs from standard XIXs, in that it has a firing pin block incorporated in its design.
While IMI makes a cosmetically similar pistol, originally called the Jericho 941 and was marketed by Magnum Research as the "Baby Eagle", the guns bear no functional equivalence — the Jericho/Baby Eagle design is a standard double action, short recoil design derived from the CZ-75. The one functional similarity is in the IMI developed cartridges. The .41 Action Express (or .41 AE) developed for the Jericho 941 used a rebated rim, so that the pistol could switch between 9 mm Luger and .41 AE with just the change of a barrel. This is because the .41 AE was based on a shortened .41 Magnum case with the rim and extractor groove cut to the same dimensions of the 9 mm Luger. This allowed the same extractor and ejector to work with both cartridges. The .50 AE has a similar rebated rim, cut to the same dimensions as the .44 Magnum. This is what allows caliber changes between .44 Magnum and .50 AE with just the change of the barrel and magazine. Beginning January 1, 2009, KBI began importation of the Jericho (using its original trade name). KBI Jericho pistols can be distinguished from earlier Jericho models by the addition of an accessory rail just forward the trigger guard. The Jericho 941's name was derived from the two cartridges it chambers, with the conversion kit.
Micro Desert Eagle
Capitalizing on the name of the Desert Eagle, Magnum Research has introduced a pistol called the "Micro Desert Eagle". It bears no resemblance to the Desert Eagle, and does not even share the barrel and ammunition swapping abilities of the Desert Eagle as of yet. The only thing it shares is the gas-assisted blowback system. It is a pocket pistol, in the same class of pistols such as the Walther PPK and SIG-Sauer P230/232. It is only available in .380 ACP caliber. It is designed as a DAO (double action only) pistol with no external hammer and it is meant for personal protection in close quarters. It is manufactured in the US by Magnum Research because it weighs 14 oz. The original design is licensed to a Czech company: ZVI and is called the Kevin pistol.